Emergency contraception

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Things don’t always go according to plan. 

But emergency contraception can help prevent unplanned pregnancies in the event that you need it. It should be used as soon as possible after unprotected sexual intercourse to be most effective.

And of course, never rely on emergency contraception as a standard method of birth control. It’s meant for occasional use only.

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A pill

Emergency contraceptive pills, also known as, a “morning after pill” may be available with or without a prescription depending on the brand.

How it works

Emergency contraceptive pills prevent the release of an egg from the ovary, or preventing sperm and egg from uniting.

It may also prevent the fertilized egg from attaching to the wall of the uterus.

How it's taken

The pill is taken orally as soon as possible after unprotected sex.

Effectiveness

May be taken up to 3 to 5 days after the intercourse depending on the option. It is more effective the sooner you start.

Pros

  • Some brands are available over-the-counter
  • Will not harm the fetus/cause abortion once a pregnancy has started.

Cons

  • Does not protect against STDs, including HIV/AIDS.
  • May cause nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, diarrhea, irregular menstrual bleeding
  • Some brands require a prescription
  • May be less effective for women with a an increased body mass index (BMI)

The copper intrauterine device (IUD)

The copper IUD is  a small T-shaped device that’s inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional.

How it works

It prevents fertilization or implantation.

How it's used

The IUD is inserted into the uterus by a doctor as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse.

Effectiveness

Highly effective when used within 5 days after unprotected intercourse.

Pros

  • Provides ongoing secure birth control (as it is left in place)

Cons

  •  Irregular bleeding, spotting or heavy menstruations and longer periods may occur.
  • Some pain or discomfort during and after insertion.
  • Rare risks with the insertion could include infection, perforation of the uterus, or expulsion of the IUD.
  • Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDs. 
  • Risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Disclaimer: The contents of this article are for informational purposes only and may not be complete, and are not intended, nor should they be used, as a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare professional with any questions you may have regarding contraception.
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